Education Killa Abdullah

 

Introduction

 

The relationship between education and economic development is well documented in literature. Investment in education is essential for the future and betterment of the present generation. It is sad and unfortunate that successive governments, bureaucrats, and politicians have never given due attention to this issue. The expenditure on education in the country has never exceeded 2% of GNP. The irony of the fact is that even this meagre amount was never spent on education. It was often diverted towards other sectors. As a result, the literacy ratio has been around 36% in overall Pakistan and far below that (16%) in Balochistan.

 

In Killa Abdullah district, there are 24 mosque schools for boys. While there were 324 primary boys schools and 23 primary girls schools. The number of government primary school in the district is 347. The number of privately run middle schools is just one. The number of government middle schools is 19 out of them 16 are for boys and 3 are for girls. The most important observation is that the number of primary and middle girls school is not adequate. The proportion of girls primary schools within the total number of primary schools is 6.6% and the proportion of girls middle schools within the total number of middle schools was 15.7%. The proportion of girls high schools within the total number was 16.6%. There is no private high school in the district.

 

Mosque schools were established to increase the number of primary schools in the society. The idea was to use the mosque from morning to Zohar time for education purposes. They were not successful and government was forced to merge them into existing primary schools.

 

Primary schools give basic education units up to 5th grade. Six years of schooling are carried out under this system. In addition to primary schooling, middle school further provides three year schooling. High schools are those schools where education is provided up to 10th grade.

 

In district Killa Abdullah all government primary, middle and high schools use Urdu as medium. Only one private middle school has English as medium. There is no technical school, polytechnic institute or cadet college in the district. There are two English language centres. The number of students is 400, while the number of teachers is 6. There are no specific courses in computer science and driving.

 

The explanation as to why gender specific data on literacy rate is not available is that in rural tribal society, people are reluctant to tell the number of females and tell about their activities. Moreover informal education is carried out in the houses. In the absence of any micro survey, it is too difficult to reach any conclusions. It has been observed and confirmed that almost all the girls can read Holy-Quran. It may be pointed out that the reading of Holy-Quran alone does not come into the definition of literacy.

 

Abnormalities in enrolment particularly in the case of girls have some deep-rooted causes:

 

  1. Parental attitude toward girls enrolment in schools
  2. Shortage of female teachers and schools
  3. Social and cultural constraints
  4. Rural girls assist their mothers in domestic tasks

 

 

 

 

 

Number of pupils

Enrolment

1960

m/f

1970

m/f

1980

m/f

1990

m/f

1996

m/f

Mohallah/

Home school

 

 

 

 

-

Madrases

 

 

 

 

-

Mosque School

 

 

 

 

613/34

Primary School

 

 

 

 

18847/2091

Primary passed

 

 

 

 

 

No of Teachers

 

 

 

 

593/18

Vocational Training

 

 

 

 

 

Voc. Passed

 

 

 

 

 

Middle Schools

 

 

 

 

4179/145

Middle S. passed

 

 

 

 

 

High School

 

 

 

 

4277/1780

High S. passed

 

 

 

 

 

College

 

 

 

 

237/56

College graduates

 

 

 

 

24/-

University

 

 

 

 

 

University graduates

 

 

 

 

 

Source: Balcohistan Education Management Information System (BEMIS), 1996.

 

Government School System

 

The school system in the district works on the same pattern as in other districts. Broadly the school system can be broken down into three types of schools, Primary, Middle and High schools. The High school system is further divided into High school and model High school. Primary schools are for boys and for girls. These schools are either single teacher schools or multi-teacher schools. In these schools, six years of schooling is provided . As far as government run primary schools are concerned, their cost is nominal and is borne by the government; they have a uniform syllabus and examination system.

 

Primary Schools

Primary schools are basic education units up to 5th grade. They provide schooling up to 6th years. Mohalla and home schools do not exist. Mosque schools used to exist but now they have been merged in primary schools. Madrasas do exist in very large number in rural as well as in urban areas. The Madrasas provide religious education and they are run by religious organizations. Their expenses are borne through social contribution. Enrolment in primary schools was 21,540, out of them the number of girls was 2,125, which was less than 10%.

Primary Schools (Organigramme)

 

 

Head Master Senior JVT

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

JVT

 

JVT

 

JVT

 

Vocational Training

 

There are no vocational training schools in the district.

 

Middle Schools

 

Middle school is composed of one to eight classes (including primary section). There are 19 middle schools in Killa Abdullah, 16 are for boys and 3 for girls. The total enrolment for middle schools up to April 1996 was 4,324. Out of this total, 4,179 were boys and 145 were girls. In each Middle school, there is a Headmaster/ Headmistress and school teachers J.E.T, J.A.T, D.M, P.T.I, M.Q and J.V.T.

 

Middle School System (Organigramme)

 

 

 

 

Head Master SST General

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2nd Head Master Science

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

JET

 

Drawing Master

 

PTI

 

JAT

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

JVT

 

JVT

 

JVT

 

JVT

 

High Schools

 

The high school comprises up to 10 classes with primary and middle classes included, humanities and science are taught in the school. The staff for each school is one Headmaster/ Headmistress, S.ST, S.A.T, G.E.T, G.A.T, D.M, P.T.I, M.Q and J.V.T. There were 12 High schools in April 1996 in district Killa Abdullah. Out of them 10 for the boys and 2 for the girls. The total number of enrollment was 6,057. Out of them 2,139 were from rural areas and 3,918 from urban areas. The number of girls was 1,780 (29%), while the number of boys was 4,297 (71%). The examining body for high school students is Balochistan Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Quetta.

 

 

High school Chaman

High School System (Organigramme)

 

 

 

Head Master

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2nd Head Master Senior SST

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SST Gen:

 

SST Gen:

 

 

SST Science

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

JET

 

Drawing Master

 

PTI

 

JAT

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

JVT

 

JVT

 

JVT

 

 

 

Government High School, Chaman

Intermediate College

 

There are two colleges, one intermediate and one degree college. Intermediate college is for girls, while degree college is for boys. In the intermediate college classes for 11th and 12th class are run, while in the degree college courses up to graduate level are taught. In 1985, to fulfil the demand of girl candidates and to save the cost of building and furniture, government has decided to use the girls high school building in the evening to facilitate the process of education, so there is one girls intermediate colleges. In 1996 there were 56 intermediate college students. The number of male students in the college in 1996 was 261 out of them 237 were in the intermediate classes, while 24 were in the degree classes. The number of teachers was 18 in the college and in evening time they provide classes in the Girls Intermediate College. Like secondary school examination, the examining body for intermediate examination is Balochistan Intermediate and Secondary Education, Quetta. The examination of graduate classes is held under the Balochistan University, Quetta.

 

School Administration (Organigramme) District Level

 

District Education Officer

 

 

 

 

 

Deputy District Education Officer

 

 

 

 

 

Sub-Divisional Education Officer

 

 

 

 

 

Assistant District Education Officer

 

 

 

 

 

Link Teacher

 

 

School Buildings

 

The primary school building for boys is normally composed of two classrooms and a veranda. For many girls primary schools in addition to the above, a toilet and a boundary wall is included. While in the middle school building, both for boys and girls, on average five class rooms and toilet facilities are available. In the case of high schools 15 to 20 class rooms, toilet facilities and boundary walls are commonly seen. In addition to this, location permitting, a playing ground is also present. In those high schools where science subjects are taught, laboratories are also available.

 

It was observed during that 19 primary schools were without shelter. 15 were for boys and 4 were for girls. The number of students was 600 and the number of teachers was 20.

 

GO/NGO/Private, etc. involvement in Education Development

 

Comparison of formal and non-formal education, learns that formal education requires age restrictions, the method of instruction is different and there are regular schooling hours. For non-formal education, there is no age limit and the methods of instruction are specially designed. Non formal education is funded through the following sources:

 

 

In the educational development of distict Killa Abdullah, many organisation are involved. The degree of their involvement varies from the type of institutions to the place where those institutions are working. Looking at the entire set-up it looks that the involvement of provincial government is substantial. Local government or federal government do not play any important role. The involvement of private sector is also not so encouraging. International donors are involved in creating a conducive climate, particularly for female primary schools in the rural areas of the district.

 

It has been noticed that, except provincial government, non of the agencies is involved in providing teacher training. There is no university in the district. However, higher education at graduate level is affiliated with the university of Balochistan.

 

 

Loc. Govt.

Prov. Govt.

Fed.Govt.

NGO

Private

Internat. Donor

Mohallah/ Home School

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mosque School

-

xxx

-

-

-

-

Primary School

-

xxx

-

-

x

-

No of Teachers

-

-

-

-

-

-

Vocational Training

-

-

-

-

 

-

Middle Schools

-

xxx

-

-

x

-

High School

-

xxx

-

-

-

-

College

-

xxx

-

-

-

-

Teacher Training

-

-

-

-

-

-

University

-

-

-

-

-

-

Legend: - no involvement

x minor involvement

xx substantial involvement

xxx major involvement

 

Conclusion and major Development Issues

 

 

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